![]() ALD can be broken down into different types based on symptoms and age of onset. Because it is an X-linked disorder males develop more serious complications than females, while some females will have no symptoms. ALD is an X-linked recessive disorder that is caused by variations (mutations) in the ABCD1 gene. Some affected individuals also have adrenal insufficiency, which means that reduced amounts of certain hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol are produced, leading to abnormalities in blood pressure, heart rate, sexual development and reproduction. Many of those affected experience serious neurological problems either during childhood or during adulthood with rather different types of disabilities. ![]() The adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and produce hormones that are vital to proper health and development including cortisol and the sex hormones. The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of cells of the adrenal glands. Without myelin, the signals between nerve cells cannot be transmitted properly, resulting in neurological symptoms. Myelin is made up of proteins and fats and gives white matter its white color. These nerve fibers are covered by myelin, an insulating layer or sheath that protects the nerve fibers. ![]() White matter is made up of nerve fibers called axons that relay nerve impulses from one cell to another. X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the white matter of the nervous system and the adrenal cortex.
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